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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Cobitis</i></h1>
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<th><i>Cobitis</i>
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<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Der in Europa weit verbreitete <a href="Steinbei%C3%9Fer_(Fisch)" title="Steinbeißer (Fisch)">Steinbeißer</a> (<i>C. taenia</i>), die <a href="Typusart" class="mw-redirect" title="Typusart">Typusart</a> der Gattung <i>Cobitis</i>
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td><i><a href="Kohorte_(Biologie)" title="Kohorte (Biologie)">Unterkohorte</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Ostariophysi" title="Ostariophysi">Ostariophysi</a>
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<td><i>ohne Rang:</i>
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<td><a href="Otophysi" title="Otophysi">Otophysa</a>
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Karpfenartige" title="Karpfenartige">Karpfenartige</a> (Cypriniformes)
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Unterordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Schmerlenartige" title="Schmerlenartige">Schmerlenartige</a> (Cobitoidei)
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Steinbei%C3%9Fer_(Familie)" title="Steinbeißer (Familie)">Steinbeißer</a> (Cobitidae)
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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
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<td><i>Cobitis</i>
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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Cobitis</i>
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<td class="Person"><a href="Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Linnaeus</a>, 1758
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<p><i><b>Cobitis</b></i> ist eine artenreiche <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> bodenlebender <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasserfisch" title="Süßwasserfisch">Süßwasserfische</a> aus der Familie der <a href="Steinbei%C3%9Fer_(Familie)" title="Steinbeißer (Familie)">Steinbeißer</a> (Cobitidae). <i>Cobitis</i>-Arten kommen in <a href="Eurasien" title="Eurasien">Eurasien</a> und im Nordwesten von <a href="Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merkmale">Merkmale</h2></div>
<p>Es sind schlanke und kleine Fische, die Längen von 5 bis 16 cm erreichen können. Charakteristisch ist ihre Zeichnung, die aus einem Rückenstreifen und vier längs verlaufenden Streifen oder Reihen von Flecken auf den Körperseiten besteht. Das kleine Maul ist unterständig und von drei <a href="Barteln" title="Barteln">Bartelpaaren</a> umgeben. In einer Hauttasche unter jedem Auge liegt jeweils ein Dorn, der durch Muskelbewegungen nach vorn ausgeklappt und mit einem Knochengelenk arretiert werden kann. Die Männchen besitzen an der Basis des ersten (unverzweigten) und zweiten (verzweigten) <a href="Flossenstrahl" title="Flossenstrahl">Flossenstrahls</a> der Brustflossen ein kleines Knochenplättchen, das als Lamina circularis bezeichnet wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arten">Arten</h2></div>
<p>Mit über 80 Arten ist <i>Cobitis</i> die artenreichste Gattung der Steinbeißer.
</p>
<ul><li><i>Cobitis afifeae</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis aliyeae</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis amphilekta</i> Vasiléva & Vasilév, 2012</li>
<li><i>Cobitis anabelae</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis arachthosensis</i> Economidis & Nalbant, 1996</li>
<li><i>Cobitis arenae</i> (Lin, 1934)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis australis</i> Chen, Chen & He, 2013</li>
<li><i>Cobitis avicennae</i> Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis baishagensis</i> Chen et al., 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis bilineata</i> Canestrini, 1865</li>
<li><i>Cobitis bilseli</i> Battalgil, 1942</li>
<li><i>Cobitis biwae</i> Jordan & Snyder, 1901</li>
<li><i>Cobitis calderoni</i> Băcescu, 1962</li>
<li><i>Cobitis choii</i> Kim & Son, 1984</li>
<li><i>Cobitis crassicauda</i> Chen & Chen, 2013</li>
<li><i>Cobitis dalmatina</i> Karaman, 1928</li>
<li><i>Cobitis damlae</i> Erkákan & Özdemir, 2014</li>
<li><i>Cobitis dolichorhynchus</i> Nichols, 1918</li>
<li><i>Cobitis dorademiri</i> Erkakan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017</li>
<li><i>Cobitis elazigensis</i> Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988</li>
<li>Balkan-Steinbeißer (<i>Cobitis elongata</i> <small>Heckel & Kner, 1858</small>)</li>
<li>Donau-Steinbeißer (<i>Cobitis elongatoides</i> <small>Băcescu & Mayer, 1969</small>)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis emrei</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis erkakanae</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis evreni</i> Erkákan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis fahirae</i> Erkákan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998</li>
<li><i>Cobitis faridpaki</i> Mousavi-Sabet, Vasiléva, Vatandoust & Vasilév, 2011</li>
<li><i>Cobitis fasciola</i> Chen & Chen, 2013</li>
<li><i>Cobitis gladkovi</i> Vasilév & Vasiléva, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis gracilis</i> Chen & Chen, 2016</li>
<li><i>Cobitis guttatus</i> (Nguyen, 2005)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis hankugensis</i> Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 2003</li>
<li><i>Cobitis hellenica</i> Economidis & Nalbant, 1996</li>
<li><i>Cobitis hereromacula</i> Chen et al., 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis illyrica</i> Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007</li>
<li><i>Cobitis jadovaensis</i> Mustafic & Mrakovcic, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis joergbohleni</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis kaibarai</i> Nakajima, 2012</li>
<li><i>Cobitis kellei</i> Erkákan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998</li>
<li><i>Cobitis laoensis</i> (Sauvage, 1878)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis lebedevi</i> Vasiléva & Vasilév, 1985</li>
<li><i>Cobitis leptosoma</i> Chen et al., 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis levantina</i> Krupp & Moubayed, 1992</li>
<li><i>Cobitis linea</i> (Heckel, 1847)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis longitaeniatus</i> Ngô, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis lutheri</i> Rendahl, 1935</li>
<li><i>Cobitis macrostigma</i> Dabry de Thiersant, 1872</li>
<li><i>Cobitis magnostriata</i> Nakajima, 2012</li>
<li><i><a href="Cobitis_maroccana" title="Cobitis maroccana">Cobitis maroccana</a></i> Pellegrin, 1929</li>
<li><i>Cobitis matsubarai</i> Okada & Ikeda, 1939</li>
<li><i>Cobitis megaspila</i> Nalbant, 1993</li>
<li><i>Cobitis melanoleuca</i> Nichols, 1925</li>
<li><i><a href="Cobitis_meridionalis" title="Cobitis meridionalis">Cobitis meridionalis</a></i> Karaman, 1924</li>
<li><i>Cobitis microcephala</i> Chen & Chen, 2011</li>
<li><i>Cobitis minamorii</i> Nakajima, 2012</li>
<li><i>Cobitis multimaculata</i> Chen & Chen, 2011</li>
<li><i>Cobitis nalbanti</i> Vasil’eva et al., 2016</li>
<li><i>Cobitis narentana</i> Karaman, 1928</li>
<li><i>Cobitis nuicocensis</i> Nguyen & Vo, 2005</li>
<li>Ohrid-Steinbeißer (<i>Cobitis ohridana</i> <small>Karaman, 1928</small>)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis obtusirostra</i> Chen et al., 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis pacifica</i> Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999</li>
<li><i>Cobitis paludica</i> (de Buen, 1930)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis phongnhaensis</i> Ngô, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis pirii</i> Freyhof et al., 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Cobitis phrygica</i> Battalgazi, 1944</li>
<li><i>Cobitis pontica</i> Vasiléva & Vasilév, 2006</li>
<li><i>Cobitis puncticulata</i> Erkákan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998</li>
<li><i>Cobitis punctilineata</i> Economidis & Nalbant, 1996</li>
<li><i>Cobitis rara</i> Chen, 1981</li>
<li><i>Cobitis rhodopensis</i> Vassilev, 1998</li>
<li><i>Cobitis sakahoko</i> Nakajima & Yuzuru Suzawa, 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis satunini</i> Gladkov, 1935</li>
<li><i>Cobitis shikokuensis</i> Suzawa, 2006</li>
<li><i>Cobitis sibirica</i> Gladkov, 1935</li>
<li><i>Cobitis simplicispina</i> Hankó, 1925</li>
<li><i>Cobitis sinensis</i> Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874</li>
<li><i>Cobitis sipahilerae</i> Erkakan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017</li>
<li><i>Cobitis splendens</i> Erkákan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998</li>
<li><i>Cobitis squataeniatus</i> Ngô, 2008</li>
<li><i>Cobitis stenocauda</i> Chen & Chen, 2013</li>
<li><i>Cobitis stephanidisi</i> Economidis, 1992</li>
<li><i>Cobitis striata</i> Ikeda, 1936</li>
<li><i>Cobitis strumicae</i> Karaman, 1955</li>
<li><a href="Steinbei%C3%9Fer_(Fisch)" title="Steinbeißer (Fisch)">Steinbeißer</a> (<i>Cobitis taenia</i> <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>)</li>
<li><i>Cobitis takatsuensis</i> Mizuno, 1970</li>
<li><i>Cobitis takenoi</i> Nakajima, 2016</li>
<li><i>Cobitis tanaitica</i> Băcescu & Mayer, 1969</li>
<li><i><a href="Cobitis_taurica" title="Cobitis taurica">Cobitis taurica</a></i> Vasiléva, Vasilév, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005</li>
<li><i>Cobitis tetralineata</i> Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999</li>
<li><i>Cobitis troasensis</i> Freyhof et al., 2018</li>
<li><i>Cobitis trichonica</i> Stephanidis, 1974</li>
<li><i>Cobitis turcica</i> Hankó, 1925</li>
<li><i>Cobitis vardarensis</i> Karaman, 1928</li>
<li><i>Cobitis vettonica</i> Doadrio & Perdices, 1997</li>
<li><i>Cobitis wumingensis</i> Chen et al., 2015</li>
<li><i>Cobitis xui</i> Tan et al., 2019</li>
<li><i>Cobitis ylengensis</i> Ngô, 2003</li>
<li><i>Cobitis zanandreai</i> Cavicchioli, 1965</li>
<li><i>Cobitis zhejiangensis</i> Son & He, 2005</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Jun Nakajima: <i>Cobitis takenoi</i> sp. n. (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae): a new spined loach from Honshu Island, Japan. ZooKeys 568: 119-128 (23 Feb 2016) <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.7733" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3897/zookeys.568.7733">doi: 10.3897/zookeys.568.7733</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Freyhofet_al-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freyhofet_al_1-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Freyhof, J., Bayçelebi, E. & Geiger, M. (2018): <i>Review of the genus </i>Cobitis<i> in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae).</i> Zootaxa, 4535 (1): 1-75. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1">DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
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